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- <text id=91TT0795>
- <title>
- Apr. 15, 1991: Till the Well Runs Dry
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Apr. 15, 1991 Saddam's Latest Victims
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- NATION, Page 37
- Till the Well Runs Dry
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Hooked on growth and the splash of fountains, Las Vegas plots a
- water grab from rural Nevada and neighboring states
- </p>
- <p>By Jeanne McDowell/Las Vegas
- </p>
- <p> In Las Vegas the only sound that rivals the clink of
- coins is the rush of water. At the Mirage, a flashy hotel
- complex on the Strip, a cascading 39-ft.-high waterfall gushes
- 135 gal. per min. Fountains adorn the entranceways to banks,
- hotels and condominiums. Development communities market
- "waterfront living" on artificial lakes that sit like giant
- puddles in the middle of the Mojave. Even the names--Montego
- Bay, Shoreline Estates, The Lakes--reinforce the illusion that
- water flows abundantly in this desert oasis.
- </p>
- <p> That image has fueled growth and filled the coffers of the
- world's most famous gambling mecca. But to people living in the
- surrounding rural counties, it is a symbol of the wastefulness
- and city-slicker hubris that have pitted them against Las Vegas
- in a bitter fight over the most precious resource in the West.
- Faced with a drought and a water shortage that threaten future
- growth, Clark County, which includes Las Vegas, has applied for
- rights to all the unallocated underground water within its
- boundaries and surrounding Nye, White Pine and Lincoln counties.
- It is one of the biggest attempted water grabs in Western
- history. If it succeeds, rural residents fear that Las Vegas'
- fortunes will grow while theirs dwindle. "If they control the
- water, no growth could happen without their approval," says
- Steve Bradhurst, a consultant hired by Nye County to organize
- the opposition. "They could seal our fate."
- </p>
- <p> Officials at the Las Vegas Valley Water District insist
- that they had no alternative in 1989, when they filed 146
- applications for water rights with the state engineer. Nevada's
- share of federally allotted water from the Colorado River cannot
- sustain growth in the booming oasis, which attracts 5,000
- newcomers a month. Thirsty California, they argue, was
- positioned to jump in and stake a claim to the unused water. "It
- was our only Nevada source," says Pat Mulroy, general manager
- of the water district.
- </p>
- <p> Opposing the huge project is an unlikely alliance of
- ranchers and farmers, rural politicians, environmentalists,
- Native Americans and federal agencies. More than 3,600 protests
- have been filed with the state engineer, who begins hearings in
- a few months. No one knows exactly what the long-term impact of
- pumping so much water--Las Vegas has requested 200,000
- acre-ft. per year (an acre-ft. is 326,000 gal., or enough to
- cover 1 acre with 1 ft. of water)--will be on the complex
- hydrologic system of the area. Environmentalists say excessive
- pumping will dry up springs and wetlands, threatening numerous
- endangered species, plants and wildlife from southeastern
- California to Utah. The Federal Government plans to deny Las
- Vegas permits to drill or transport water across its land until
- an environmental-impact statement is prepared.
- </p>
- <p> Even with the government's support, it will be a tough
- fight. Las Vegas is the seat of political and economic power in
- Nevada. Sixty-five percent of the state's 1.3 million people
- reside in Clark County. Development, gambling and tourism
- industries, which generate two-thirds of the state's income,
- want the extra water. "If we develop the water, and spend the
- money, shouldn't we have the control?" asks Clark County
- commissioner Paul Christensen.
- </p>
- <p> Such sentiments echo an enduring struggle over growth
- between rural and urban communities throughout the West. Rural
- towns, which have watched political power shift steadily away
- from them--Las Vegas controls 36 of the state legislature's
- 63 seats--feel beleaguered and bypassed by urbanization.
- Taking water that flows under their land seems the final straw.
- </p>
- <p> In divvying up water, Western experts say, noneconomic
- contributions must be taken into consideration. "How do you
- place a value on that student-body president from a small high
- school who becomes a U.S. Senator?" asks University of New
- Mexico law professor Charles DuMars. "How do you include that
- into some reasonable process? If it's raw power without process,
- people will die for that resource."
- </p>
- <p> In Nevada the absence of such a process has sparked deep
- resentment among farmers and ranchers. "It's a whole way of
- life, a piece of history," explains Joe Higbee, who runs a
- 100-acre ranch in Alamo along with his son Vaughn.
- </p>
- <p> One of the biggest complaints of rural residents is that
- Las Vegas has not done enough to save the water it has.
- Per-capita water consumption in the metropolitan area has
- consistently been among the highest of Western cities: 366 gal.
- daily compared with 200 gal. in Los Angeles. Recent restrictions
- have reduced Vegas' consumption to 343 gal.
- </p>
- <p> While efforts at conservation have started to pay off, it
- is still practically a foreign concept in this city of green
- golf courses and lush lawns. Even if Clark County gets the
- water from its rural neighbors, it must seriously begin to plan
- for growth and the water shortages that are likely to worsen
- throughout the West in coming decades. If it doesn't, Las Vegas
- may be gambling its future away.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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